Scientific Names of Crops, Plants, Fruits, Spices and Vegetables

Scientific Name for Mango: Mangifere indica

A botanical name is a formal scientific name given to a particular specimen. It helps one to avoid confusion in terms of naming similar species.

Common Name	Scientific Name
Cereals and millets
Rice	Oryza sativa Linn.
Wheat	Triticum aestivum L. Triticum sativum, Lamk.
Maize	Zea mays Linn.
Rye	Secale cereale Linn.
Oat	Avena sativa Linn.
Barley	Hordeum vulgare Linn.
Sorghum, Jowar	Sorghum bicolor Pers.
Pearl millet, Bajra	Pennisetum glaucum Linn.
Finger millet, Ragi	Eleusine coracana Gaertn.
Barnyard millet (kuthiraivali)	Echinochloa frumentacea Roxb.
Italian millet (thenai)	Setaria italica. Linn.
Kodo millet (varagu)	Paspalum scrobiculatum. Linn.
Common millet (panivaragu)	Panicum millaceum Linn.
Little millet (samai)	Panicum milleare Linn.
Pulses
Black gram, Kalai, Urd	Vigna mungo var, radiatus Linn.
Chickling vetch, khesari	Lathyrus sativus Linn.
Chickpea, Gram	Cicer arietinum Linn.
Cowpea	Vigna sinensis Savi
Green gram Mung or Moong	Vigna radiatus Roxb.
Horse gram, kulthi	Macrotyloma uniflorum Linn.
Lentil	Lens esculenta Moench
Moth bean	Phaseolus aconitifolia Linn.
Peas	Pisum sativum Linn.
Pigeon pea, Arhar, Tur	Cajanas cajan Millsp. (Cajanus indicus)
Pillipesara	Phaseolus trilobus.
Soybean	Glycine max. Linn. Merr.
Oilseeds
Black mustard	Brassica nigra Linn. Koch.
Castor	Ricinus communis Linn.
Coconut	Cocus nucifera Linn.
Groundnut/peanut	Arachis hypogaea Linn.
Indian mustard or rai	Brassica Cass Linn.
Indian rape or toria	Brassica napeustris Linn., var, napus
Niger	Guizotia abyssinica Cass
Linseed	Linum usitatissimum Linn.
Safflower	Carthamus tinctorious Linn.
Sesame/Gingelly/Til	Sesamum indicum Linn.
Sunflower	Helianthus annus Linn.
White mustard	Brassica alba Linn.
Oil palm	Elaeis guinensis.
Fibre Crops
Cotton	Gossypium spp.
Jute	Corchorus spp.
Mesta	Hibiscus cannabinus Linn.
Sunnhemp	Crotalaria juncea Linn.
Fumitories, Masticatorias
Tobacco (Desi)	Nicotiana tobacum.
Tobacco (Calcutta)	Nicotiana rustica.
Starches
Pine apple	Ananas sativa Schutt.
Potato	Solanum tuberosum Linn.
Sugar beet	Beta vulgaris Linn.
Sugarcane	Saccharum officinarum Linn.
Sweet potato	Ipomea batatus Lann.
Tapioca	Manihot esculenta crantz.
Spices
Black pepper	Piper nigrum L.
Betel vine	Piper betle L.
Cardamom	Elettaria cardamomum Matora.
Coriander	Coriandrum sativum Linn.
Garlic	Allium sativum Linn.
Ginger	Zingiber officinale Rose
Onion	Allium cepa Linn.
Red pepper, Chillies	Capsicum annum Linn.
Turmeric	Curcuma longa Linn.
Forage Grasses
Buffel grass, Anjan	Cenchrus ciliaris.
Dallis grass	Paspalum dilatatum Poir.
Dinanath grass	Pennisetum.
Guinea grass	Panicum maximum Jacq.
Marvel grass	Dicanthium annulatum (Forsk.)
Napier or Elephant grass	Pennisetum purpureum Schum.
Pangola grass	Digitaria decumbens Stent.
Para grass	Brachiaria mutica.
Sudan grass	Sorghum sudanense Stapf.
Teosinte	Euchlaena mexicana Schrad.
Blue panicum	Panicum antidotale Retz.
Forage Legumes
Berseem/Egyptian Clover	Trifolium alexandrinum Linn.
Centrosema	Centrosema pubescens.
Gaur/Cluster bean	Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Taub.
Lucerne/Alfalfa	Medicago sativa Linn.
Sirato	Macroptlium atropurpureum.
Velvet Bean	Mucuna cochinchinensis Brot.
Plantation Crops
Banana	Musa paradisiaca L.
Areca Palm	Areca catechu Linn.
Arrowroot	Maranta arundinacea L.
Cacao	Theobroma cacao Linn.
Coconut	Cocos nucifera Linn.
Coffee	Coffea arabica Linn.
Tea	Camellia theasinesis O. Ktze.
Green Manure Crops
Daincha	Sesbania aculeata Poir.; Sesbania speciosa Tam.
Sunnhemp	Crotolaria juncea Linn. (Sanappai)
Manila agathi	Sesbania rostrata.
Sittagathi	Sesbania sesban.
Fruits
Almond	Amygdalus communis
Apple	Malus pumila
Banana	Musa Cavendishii; M. Paradisiaca; M. sapientum
Cashew nut	Anacardium occidentale
Citron	Citrus medica
Grape	Vitis vinifera
Mango	Mangifere indica
Orange	Citrus sinensis
Pineapple	Ananas comosus
Tamarind	Tamarindus indica
Tangerine	Citrus medica
Vegetables
Ash Gourd	Beniacasa cerifera Savi.
Bitter gourd	Momordica charantia Linn.
Bottle gourd	Lagenaria leucantha Rusby.
Brinjal	Solanum melongena Linn.
Broad bean	Vicia faba Linn.
Cabbage	Brassica oleracea var. capitata Linn.
Chinese cabbage	B. pekinensis (Lour) Rupr.
Carrot	Daucus carota Linn.
Cauliflower	Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Linn.
Colocasia	Colocasia esculenta (L). Schott.
Cucumber	Cucumis sativus Linn.
Double bean	Phaseolus lunatus Linn.
Elephant ear/edible arum	Colocasia antiquorum Schott.
Elephant foot/yam	Amorphophallus campanulatus Bheme.
French bean	Phaseolus vulgaris Linn.
Knol khol	Brassica oleracea var. Caulorapa Pasq.
Lesser yam	Dioscorea alata L.
Lettuce	Lactuca sativa Linn.
Must Melon	Cucumis melo Linn.
Pointed gourd/Parwal	Trichosanthes diora Roxb.
Pumpkin	Cucurbita moschata Dutch.
Radish	Raphanus sativus Linn.
Bhendi	Abelmoschus esculentus Linn.
Red pumpkin	Cucurbita maxima Duch.
Ridge gourd	Luffa acutangula Roxb.
Spinach	Spinacia oleracea Linn.
Snake gourd	Trichosanthes anguina. Linn.
Tomato	Lycopersicum esculentus Mill.
Turnip	Brassica campestris var. rapa Linn.
Watermelon	Citrullus vulgaris schrad.
Yam	Dioscorea esculenta L.
Medicinal Crops
Aloe	Aloe vera.
Ashwagantha	Withania somnifera Dunai.
Belladonna	Atropa belladona Linn.
Bishop's weed	Ammi visnaga Linn.
Bringaraj	Eclipta alba.
Cinchona	Cinchona sp.
Coleus	Coleus forskholli Briq.
Dioscorea	Dioscorea bulbifera Linn.
Duboisia	Duboisia myoporoides Brown.
Glory Lily	Gloriosa superba Linn.
Ipecae	Cephaelis ipecacuanha Linn.
Long pepper	Piper longum Linn.
Opium poppy	Papav somniferum.
Prim rose	Oenothera lamarekiana Linn.
Roselle	Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.
Sarpagandha	Rauvalfia serpentine Benth.
Senna	Cassia angustifolia Vahl.
Sweet Flag	Acorus calamus Linn.
Valeriana	Valeriana wallaichii.
Aromatic Crops
Ambrettee	Abelmoschus moschatus Medic.
Celery	Apium graveolens Linn.
Citronella	Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt.
Geranium	Pelargonium graveolens.
Jasmine	Jasminum grantiflorum.
Khus	Vetiveria zizanoids.
Lavender	Lavendula sp. Linn.
Lemon grass	Cymbopogon flexuosus Stapf.
Mint	Mint sp.
Palmarosa	Cymbopogon martini.
Patchouli	Pogostemon cablin Benth.
Sandal wood	Santalum album.
Sacred Basil (Tulsi)	Ocimum sanctum Linn.
Tuberose	Polianthus tuberosa Linn.
Other Economic Crops
Annatto	Bixa orellana.
Camphor Basil	Ocimum kilimandscharicum.
Henna	Lawsonia inermis Linn.
Pyrethrum	Chrysanthemum cineraraefolium.