The Formation of Odisha: A Linguistic Landmark in Indian History |
Establishment of Odisha:
- Odisha was officially established as a separate state on April 1, 1936, during the British Era. It became the first state in India to be formed on linguistic grounds.
- Following independence, Andhra State became the first state to be created based on linguistic considerations.
Celebration of Odisha Day:
- Odisha Day, also known as Utkala Dibasa, is celebrated annually on April 1 to commemorate the formation of the state.
Historical Background:
- The region now known as Odisha has a history spanning over 3,000 years, marked by the rule of various local dynasties and the influence of distinct cultural identities.
- Despite its rich history, Odisha lost its political independence in 1568 when it was conquered by the Sultanate of Bengal, later coming under Maratha and British rule.
Struggle for Statehood:
- The movement for a separate Odia-speaking state gained momentum in the early 20th century, with key milestones including the formation of Utkal Sabha in 1882 and Utkal Sammilani in 1903.
- The Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 introduced the principle of dyarchy, allowing for greater Indian participation in government.
- The reorganization of provinces on a linguistic basis by the Indian National Congress in 1920 further fueled the statehood movement.
Formation of Odisha State:
- After years of struggle, the Orissa Province was established on April 1, 1936, carved out of territories from the Bihar and Orissa Province, Madras Presidency, and Central Provinces.
- However, 26 princely states within the Eastern States Agency remained part of Odisha Province until India gained independence in 1947.
Aftermath and Renaming:
- The establishment of Odisha as a separate state set a precedent for linguistic reorganization in India post-independence, leading to the formation of states like Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Gujarat.
- In 2011, the state was officially renamed Odisha, and the language was renamed Odia following parliamentary acts.
- These notes outline the historical significance of Odisha's formation as a linguistic state, highlighting its role as a precursor to similar movements across India and its evolution into a modern state.